Explore the Ancient World Student Reseach Guide Guidelines
Research Tips

Unit 1
  • Chapter 1
  • Chapter 2
  • Chapter 3
  • Chapter 4

  • Unit 2
  • Chapter 5
  • Chapter 6
  • Chapter 7

  • Unit 3
  • Chapter 8
  • Chapter 9
  • Chapter 10

  • Unit 4
  • Chapter 11
  • Chapter 12
  • Chapter 13

  • Unit 5
  • Chapter 14
  • Chapter 15
  • Chapter 16
  • Chapter 16A

  • Unit 6
  • Chapter 17
  • Chapter 18
  • Chapter 19


  • Unit 2: River Valley Civilizations in the Middle East and Africa - Chapter 5: The Sumerians

    Key Words: Mesopotamia, Sumer, Sumerian, cuneiform, Hammurabi, ancient Babylon, Epic of Gilgamesh
    Fiction Books
    Zeman, Ludmilla. Gilgamesh the King; The Revenge of Ishtar; The Last Quest of Gilgamesh. Plattsburgh, NY: Tundra Books, 1992-1998. This set of three picture books tells the story of the ancient Mesopotamian epic in which the god-king Gilgamesh rules oppressively over the city of Uruk. The people cry to the gods for relief, which comes in the person of Enkidu. Though he comes to fight Gilgamesh, the two men become best friends. 24 pages each. Fiction.
    Nonfiction Books
    Greeley, August. Writing in Ancient Mesopotamia. New York: PowerKids Press, 2003. Greeley's book includes full-color photographs. 24 pages. Nonfiction.

    León, Vicki. Outrageous Women of Ancient Times. Outrageous Women Series. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 1997. This book describes the outrageously true and fascinating stories of 15 women whose accomplishments and attitudes changed the world they lived in. This entertaining book will inspire young readers with tales of women from ancient cultures such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, and China. Also applicable to Units 4, 5, and 6. 128 pages. Nonfiction.

    Moss, Carol. Science in Ancient Mesopotamia. London: Franklin Watts, 1999. In this book, students learn about the ideas of ancient society in the Middle East. 64 pages. Nonfiction.

    Schmandt-Besserat, Denise. The History of Counting. New York: HarperCollins, 1999. Students read about how and why numbering and counting evolved over time, beginning with the methods used by the Sumerians, the Phoenicians, the Greeks, the Romans, and finally to the Arabs, who brought Hindu numerals from India to Europe about 1,000 years ago. 48 pages. Nonfiction.

    Service, Pamela. Mesopotamia. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 1998. This book discusses the history, social order, customs, religion, and accomplishments of the area known as the "cradle of civilization." Good quality, full-color photographs, reproductions, drawings, and maps enhance the text. 80 pages. Nonfiction.

    Web Sites
    http://www.mesopotamia.co.uk
    Mesopotamia—The British Museum. Go to the links under "Sumer" on this informative site created by the British Museum. Read about and explore the Royal Tombs of Ur, and then play a Mesopotamian game using an original player's board and game pieces. Check out the link for ziggurats and learn more about these famous temples. Can you manage the construction of a ziggurat? Find out by taking the challenge!

    http://www.upennmuseum.com/cgi-bin/cuneiform.cgi
    Write Like a Babylonian. Are you curious about what your name would look like if it were written in cuneiform? Visit this site and find out. Once you see it, make sure to click on the "Sumerian Scribe" link to see examples of how cuneiform writing developed. The pink text box on the left side of the page has suggestions for fun classroom projects.

    http://library.thinkquest.org/C004203/science/science02.htm
    Ancient Civilizations: Science: Invention of the Wheel. Have you ever heard the saying, "Don't reinvent the wheel"? Who actually invented the wheel in the first place? Nobody is absolutely sure, but archaeologists suspect that the Sumerians were the innovators. Dig into this site to unearth more facts about the remarkable discovery that forever changed the way we travel.

    http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/m/mesopotamian.html
    ArtLex on Mesopotamian Art. The people in and around the region of Ur were very creative, producing statuary, carvings, and even poetry such as the Epic of Gilgamesh. Trade with Egypt, Afghanistan, and other places that supplied goods to make beautiful objects. This page offers a look at the art of the Sumerians and other Mesopotamian cultures.

    http://www.nationalgeographic.com/
    National Geographic. Discover maps of the world, historical photographs, and interactive adventures on the National Geographic site.