Explore the Ancient World Student Reseach Guide Guidelines
Research Tips

Book 1
  • Chapter 1
  • Chapter 2
  • Chapter 3
  • Chapter 4

  • Book 2
  • Chapter 1
  • Chapter 2
  • Chapter 3

  • Book 3
  • Chapter 1
  • Chapter 2
  • Chapter 3

  • Book 4
  • Chapter 1
  • Chapter 2
  • Chapter 3

  • Book 5
  • Chapter 1
  • Chapter 2
  • Chapter 3

  • Book 6
  • Chapter 1
  • Chapter 2
  • Chapter 3

  • Book 7
  • Chapter 1
  • Chapter 2
  • Chapter 3


  • Book 5: The Westward Movement - Chapter 3: West of the Mississippi

    Key Words: Oregon Trail, California Trail, Mormon Trail, Santa Fe Trail, California Gold Rush, pioneers, Marcus and Narcissa Whitman, Brigham Young
    Fiction Books
    Brink, Carol Ryrie. Caddie Woodlawn. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1968. Caddie is an adventurous 11 year old growing up with her brothers and sisters in Wisconsin in the 1860s. This story is based on the life of the author's grandmother. 288 pages.

    Coerr, Eleanor. The Josefina Story Quilt. New York: HarperTrophy, 1989. While traveling west with her family in the 1850s, a young girl makes a patchwork quilt showing the experiences of the trip and saves two special patches for her hen Josefina. 64 pages.

    Greenwood, Barbara. A Pioneer Sampler: The Daily Life of a Pioneer Family in 1840. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. Fact and fiction are combined to describe life on the frontier. This book combines fictional stories about a pioneer family with background information about the time period. 240 pages.

    Holling, Holling C. Tree in the Trail. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1990. A cottonwood tree is the focus of this well-written story of the events that happen around this tree on the Santa Fe Trail. Fascinating illustrations. 64 pages.

    Johmann, Carol A. Going West: Journey on a Wagon Train to Settle a Frontier Town. Charlotte: Williamson Publishers, 2000. This book combines short stories, historical facts, and craft projects to bring the pioneering era to life. 96 pages.

    Morrow, Honoré. On to Oregon! New York: Beech Tree Books, 1991. This story is loosely based on an actual journey by seven children who travel by covered wagon to Oregon. An audiocassette is available. 140 pages.

    Nixon, Joan. A Family Apart. Orphan Train Quartet. New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell, 1996. This book in a series tells the story of a struggling young, single mother who sends her children out west on an orphan train to live with farm families in Missouri in 1860. 162 pages.

    Van Leeuwen, Jean. A Fourth of July on the Plains. New York: Dial, 1997. This easy-to-read story about the way Jesse and his family celebrate the Fourth of July while on their way to Oregon in 1852 is based on the diaries of pioneers. Beautiful watercolor, ink pen, and colored pencil illustrations enhance the story. 32 pages.

    Van Leeuwen, Jean. Bound for Oregon. New York: Dial Books, 1996. Nine-year-old Mary Ellen narrates the story of her journey to Oregon in 1852. The story is based on Mary Ellen Todd's own account of her trip. It includes many details of life on the Oregon Trail. 164 pages.

    Van Leeuwen, Jean. Going West. New York: Dial Books, 1992. This book tells the story of a family traveling West in a covered wagon in simple and beautifully written text. It is a moving account of the challenges faced by a pioneer family during their first year in the West. 48 pages.

    Wilder, Laura I. A Little Prairie House. New York: HarperCollins, 1999. This easy-to-read book is adapted from an earlier book by Wilder. It describes how the Ingalls picked a spot and built their log cabin. 32 pages.

    Nonfiction Books
    Alter, Judy. The Santa Fe Trail. Danbury: Children's Press, Inc., 1999. Includes a short history of the trail that became an important commercial route to the southwest in the 1800s. 32 pages.

    Chambers, Catherine E. California Gold Rush: Search for Treasure. Mahwah: Troll Communications, 1998. Black and white sketches illustrate what life was like during the California gold rush, including the hard work and severe weather that plagued the prospectors. 32 pages.

    Chrisp, Peter. The Whalers. Stamford: Thomson Learning, 1995. This picture essay traces the development of whaling from ancient to modern times. Includes quotations from first-hand accounts, photographs, maps, and charts. 47 pages.

    Erickson, Paul. Daily Life in a Covered Wagon. London: Puffin-Penguin, 1997. Diaries and letters from the Larkin family's trip to Oregon in 1853, along with photographs of objects from the past, provide a rich description of how the pioneers dressed, what they ate, and what they saw. 48 pages.

    Freedman, Russell. Indian Chiefs. New York: Holiday House, 1987. Biographies of the lives of Red Cloud and five other western chiefs. This book is for more advanced readers. 149 pages.

    Katz, William Loren. Black Women of the Old West. New York: Atheneum, 1995. Black women were a part of frontier life, as homesteaders, cooks, nurses, cowgirls, teachers, and shopkeepers. Archival photographs illustrate the text. Includes a bibliography. 84 pages.

    Krensky, Stephen. Striking It Rich: The Story of the California Gold Rush. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996. This is an entertaining look at life in the California goldfields, including maps and descriptions of the sea routes taken by prospectors. 64 pages.

    Levine, Ellen. If You Traveled West in a Covered Wagon. New York: Scholastic, 1992. This book uses a question and answer format to tell about life on a wagon train on the Oregon Trail in the 1840s. 80 pages.

    Morley, Jacqueline and David Dalsriya. How Would You Survive in the American West? New York: Franklin Watts, 1997. Using a question and answer format, the books asks questions about dangers one might face on a wagon trail and then directs the reader to the page that has the answer. 48 pages.

    Murdoch, David. Cowboy. London: DK Publishing, 2000. Beautiful photographs with accompanying text illustrate the history of the United States cowboy. 64 pages.

    Nash, Carol Rust. The Mormon Trail and the Latter-day Saints in American History. Springfield: Enslow, 1999. The author traces the history of the Mormon Church and the Mormons' search for their "Promised Land" through text, black and white historical photos, and quotes from primary source documents. 128 pages.

    "Oregon Trail." Cobblestone: The History Magazine for Young People. Dec. 1981. Each issue contains easy-to-read articles, primary source readings, excellent illustrations, and occasional crafts and puzzles. Web site: cobblestonepub.com. About 50 pages.

    Pelz, Ruth. Black Heroes of the Wild West. Greensboro: Open Hand Publishing, 1990. This collection of brief biographies documents the rich contributions of black Americans during the settlement of the West. 58 pages.

    Sandler, Martin. Pioneers. New York: HarperCollins, 1999. Vintage photographs from the Library of Congress provide an overview of the settlement of the West, from the first settlers to the development of towns. 96 pages.

    Sanford, William R. The Santa Fe Trail In American History. Springfield: Enslow, 2000. A history of the trail that became an important commercial route to the southwest United States during the 1800s. 112 pages.

    Schanzer, Rosalyn. Gold Fever: Tales from the California Gold Rush. Washington: National Geographic, 1999. Using quotations from diaries, letters, and memoirs, this book provides a detailed, exciting account of the story of the California gold rush including the discovery of gold, the journey to California, and life in mining camps. 48 pages.

    Schlissel, Lillian. Black Frontiers: A History of African American Heroes in the Old West. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995. This book tells the stories of black men and women who explored and settled the West. Contains vintage photographs and a bibliography. 73 pages.

    Steedman, Scott. A Frontier Fort on the Oregon Trail. New York: Bedrick, 1994. Many aspects of frontier life are described in this book, but the focus is on what life was like in and around the forts. 48 pages.

    Stein, R. Conrad. The Story of the Clipper Ships. Danbury: Children's Press, Inc., 1981. The clipper ships had a short but exciting place in history during the mid-1800s. This book describes their design, their uses, and their decline. 31 pages.

    Trinklein, Michael. Fantastic Facts About the Oregon Trail. Mequon: Boettcher/Trinklein, 1995. This fascinating collection of unusual facts about the Oregon Trail is by the author of the PBS documentary films "The Oregon Trail" and "The Gold Rush." 50 pages.

    Viola, Herman J. Sitting Bull. Milwaukee: Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1990. This book describes the life of one of the most famous Indians in American history, Sitting Bull, Sioux Indian chief. Contains a time line of Sitting Bull's life. 32 pages.

    Web Sites
    http://www.oregontrailcenter.org/
    The National Oregon/California Trail Center. The site of this center in Montpelier, Idaho includes a map, trivia, and an Oregon Trail time line from 1803 to 1914.

    http://www.nps.gov/index.html
    National Park Service. Read about the Oregon Trail, the Mormon Trail, and other historic areas.

    http://www.nps.gov/whmi/index.htm
    Whitman Mission National Historic Site. Includes information on and pictures of the mission, the Whitmans, American Indian tribes in the region, and the Oregon Trail.

    http://www.endoftheoregontrail.org/index.html
    End of the Oregon Trail Interpretive Center. Includes biographies of pioneers (both white and black), information on Prairie Schooners, diary entries, and more!

    http://www.nps.gov/fola
    Fort Laramie National Historical Site. Founded in 1834 as a fur-trading post, this area was a center for trading beaver pelts and buffalo robes and a place for pioneers and Plains Indians to mingle.

    http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/wpages/wpgs620/whitman0.htm
    New Perspectives on the West. Learn about trails to the West, people who went west, and the general history of the West on this PBS site.

    http://www.museumca.org/goldrush
    California's Untold Stories: Gold Rush. At this site you can take a virtual tour of the Oakland Museum of California's exhibit on the gold rush that brought people to California in the mid-1800s. Includes pictures and audio.

    http://www.pbs.org/neighborhoods/history/
    PBS: History. This PBS site contains biographies of famous Americans and articles on major events in U.S. history.

    http://www.nationalgeographic.com/
    National Geographic. Discover maps of the world, historical photographs, and interactive adventures on the National Geographic site.

    http://earlyamerica.com/
    Archiving Early America. Find primary source documents, paintings of early Americans, maps, and more!

    http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi
    America's Library. This site sponsored by the Library of Congress includes features such as "Meet Amazing Americans," "Jump Back in Time," "Explore the States," and "See, Hear, and Sing."